INTRODUCTION:

The term Cosmetic was originated from the Greek word “Kosmeticos” means adorn and preparation and otherwise called a body art that is found to be earliest form of a rituals in human^[1]. The substances or products that are utilized to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body, most of them are designed for application to face and body. The cosmetics are generally made up of either Synthetic or Natural ingredients or the mixture. Herbal cosmetics are also pointed as natural cosmetics which can be expressed as herbal Formulation meant for application on external part of the body i.e., nails, skin, hair for coloring, covering, softening, cleaning, nourishing, waving, setting, mollification or which altering the appearance^[2].

Herbal cosmetic are widely used since they are entirely composed of herbs and shrubs and they do not possess side effects on the human body but these herbal remedies enrich the human skin with nutrients and other useful minerals, so the demands are raising day by day for natural herbal and organic beauty product that creates new potential opportunities for manufacturer to innovate and develop new products in accordance to consumer preferences. There are various types of herbs used in the skincare such as Neem, Turmeric, Liquorice, Aloe Vera, etc., here we have selected liquorice as cosmetic ingredients in the face wash preparation by referring various articles and literature review on herbals used for skincare^[3]. Liquorice root has a good reputation as being helpful for sensitive skin. Liquorice root also aids in diminishing the appearance of dark under-eye circle, discoloration, diminishing age spots and acne scar. Liquorice used as a crude product in many herbal cosmetic and medicinal preparation such as a shampoo to reduce greasy nature of hair and applied as a gel for itchy and inflamed skin (eczema), as a solution to stop bleeding, as a patch in the mouth and as a gargle for canker sores, as a cream for psoriasis, weight loss, or a skin condition characterized by brown spots (melasma), as Liquorice is also utilized for flavoring the foods, beverages, and tobacco products^[4]. Liquorice extract also has powerful antioxidants Property that protects the skinfrom environmental stressors, and contains “licochalcone,” which helps in balancing the oil, which makes it as a good ingredient for those with oily skin and gargle for recovery after surgery, and as a paste for dental plaque^[5,6]. Liquorice is used intravenously (by IV) to treat hepatitis B and C, as well as mouth sores (lichen planus) in people with hepatitis C^[7]. Present article emphasize with formulation and evaluation of cosmetic herbal facewash tablet as this can overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of synthetic and conventional facewashes as most of them are available in the gel and cream forms are packed in large collapsible tube or plastic containers in turn difficult for the consumer to carry during their travel and being aqueous in nature, it needs preservative to maintain the stability. In comparison Face wash tablets minimize the cost, packaging size and the utilization of preservative involved in their preparation and become easily portable.

Advantages of Herbal tablet facewash over Synthetic facewash (Gel and Cream):

The most of herbal formulation available enhance the beauty with safety and improves the consumer satisfaction since they are free from synthetic chemicals and have relatively low side-effects compared to the synthetic cosmetics. Following are some of the advantages of using herbal tablet facewash which make them a better choice over the synthetic ones:

The present form of facewashes available in market were gel and cream state, etc. which should be packed in large collapsible tube or plastic containers in turn difficult for the consumer to carry during their travel. The main drawback on facewash are aqueous in nature, it needs preservative to maintain the stability and nature. To minimize the cost, packaging size and the utilization of preservative, tableting technique can be used to prepare the face wash^[8].

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

MATERIALS:

The liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root were collected from BSD Organics. Sodium lauryl sulphate of Experimental Grade was procured from GSK pharmaceuticals limited. Sodium starch glycolate of experimental grade was Purchased from LOBA CHEMIE laboratory reagent and fine chemicals. Carbopol was Purchased from SDFCL, SD fine-chemical limited. Span of Experimental grade was purchased from Maruthi Chemicals.

METHODS:

Preparation of liquorice powder:

Dried roots of the liquorice are taken and the outer layer of liquorice roots are peeled. Then the peeled roots are cut into small pieces. liquorice roots was dry in Hot air oven at 50ºC for 30 mins. Weigh 10grams of cut pieces of dried liquorice root into grinder mixture then collect the liquorice powder and pass it through the sieve no 80. Dry and collect the fine powder of liquorice powder.

Preparation of Facewash Tablet:

Weigh 10% of Liquorice in 250mg total weight of tablet. Weigh SLS (Sodium lauryl sulphate), SSG, Carbopol and Span in different concentrations. Triturate the ingredients using a mortar and pestle. 250mg of triturated mixture is weighed and taken for compressing of tablet. Tablets are compressed using direct compression method. In Direct compression method the tablets are compressed directly from powder blends of the active ingredient and suitable excipients (including fillers, disintegrants, and lubricants), which will flow uniformly into a die cavity and form into a firm compact by using 6mm punch by changing the concentration of SPAN/SLS. Fine tablets are obtained by Adjusting the level of lower die for 250mg. Adjust the hardness and start the machine and run it at required speed. Collect the tablet^[9].

PRE- FORMULATION STUDIES:

BULK CHARACTERIZATION:

Bulk Density:

Bulk density is the apparent density of powder under defined condition. It is the untapped powder volume and expressed as (g/cm³). Bulk density of powder is determined using

Bulk density = weight of sample in gram/volume occupied by the sample

Tapped density:

Tapped density is the apparent density of powder obtained by standard conditions. It is the volume of powder obtained after mechanical tapping. Tapped density of powder is determined using

Tapped density = weight of sample in gram/ Tapped Volume

Hausner’s ratio and Compressibility index:

Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index is used to predict the flow property of particles in a simple manner. Both were determined using Bulk density and Tapped density.

Hausner’s ratio:

Hausner’s ratio is indicated by number useful in industries for correlating the flowability of powder. The value greater than 1.25 the powder have the poor flowability. It is determined using

Hausner’s ratio= Tapped density(g/cm²)/bulk density(g/cm²)

Compressibility index:

Compressibility index is a measure of tendency of the powder to be compressed as its ability to get settled and involve in interparticle interaction. It is indicated by Carr’s index (%).It is determined using

Carr’s index(%)= Bulk density-Tapped density/Tapped density*100

Angle of Repose:

It is the angle that differentiates transitions between phases of the granular material and commonly used for evaluating interparticle interaction .it is calculated using

Tan θ = h/r

Where,

h = Height of pile, r = Radius of the base of pile, θ = Angle of repose

DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATIONS^[10]:

Tab-1: Composition of Liquorice Face wash Tablet Formulation

INGREDIENTS	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6
LIQUORICE	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%
SSG	30%	30%	30%	30%	30%	30%
CARBOPOL	20%	20%	20%	20%	20%	20%
SPAN	40%	20%	10%	40%	20%	10%
SLS	-	20%	30%	-	20%	30%

Fig-1: Liquorice Facewash Tablets

EVALUATION OF FACE WASH TABLET ^{[11,12,13,14]}:

The prepared facewash tablets were evaluated for various parameters as follows.

Physical evaluation:

The formulated facewash tablets are evaluated Physically for the parameters such as color and appearance.

Wash ability:

The washability of the facewash tablet was determined by applying the formulation on the skin and washed with water and checked manually.

p^H:

The p^H of the facewash tablet was made to match with the skin so that the skin irritation are avoided. It was measured by making1% aqueous solution of formulation and measured by using calibrated digital pH meter at constant temperature.

Irritancy test:

Skin irritation test is an essential for formulating pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. The formulation was applied on left hand dorsal skin surface of 1 sq.cm and observed in time interval 1-2 hours for Irritancy, redness and edema^[15][16].

Foam ability by Cylinder shake method:

Take 50ml of water in a 250ml cylinder and drop the tablet in the cylinder and cover the cylinder with hand and shake it vigorously for few minutes. Measure the volume of the foam produced.

Weight Variation:

20 tablets of each formulation were taken for the weight variation test. Each of the tablet are weighed individually using the electronic balance and average weight was calculated and the deviation was recorded by comparing with the average value. The weight variation limit should not exceed ±7.50.

Formula:

% of Weight variation = Individual weight - Average Weight/Average weight *100

Hardness test:

Pfizer Hardness tester is used for determining the hardness of tablet and it is the capacity of tablet to resist the mechanical shock. The hardness is expressed in Kg/cm². Randomly 3-5 tablets are taken from each batch and tested for hardness and the values are recorded. The average value of tablet hardness is 3- 8.

Friability test:

The friabilator is utilized to determine the friability of the tablets. Switch on the friabilator and weigh the tablets. Adjust the counts to 100 by pressing count key and test can be performed by adjusting time similarly as count. Place the tablets in the rotating chamber and start the rotation. Collect the tablets after the rotation and weigh the tablets. Randomly 10 tablets are taken from each batch for the friability test. The loss in weight of tablet should be not more than 0.5-1% of the taken initial weight.

Formula:

(Initial weight -final weight)/ initial weight*100.

Thickness:

The Thickness of the tablets are measured with the help of Vernier caliper. Thickness of the tablet should be in limit of ±5.

It is expressed as Kg/cm².

Accelerated Stability studies^[17,18]:

Liquorice facewash tablet 250 mg were placed in stability chamber with controlled temperature and humidity of class IV climatic conditions as recommended by (WHO) ICH guidelines2018. The temperature was maintained at a range of40 °C ± 2 °C/75% and RH ± 5% for 6 months.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Pre- formulation:

Tab-2: Evaluation results of Pre-formulation Studies:

Formulation	Hausner’s ratio	Compressibility index (%)	Angle of Repose (˚)	Flow property
F1	1.27	23.2	44	poor
F2	1.29	24.6	42	poor
F3	1.05	22.1	37	fair
F4	1.01	23.3	39	poor
F5	0.96	20.9	38	fair
F6	0.84	15.8	33	Good

Particle size Determination:

Particle size of the drug was passed through the sieve number 80. Particle size analysis of the powder indicated that 80% of the particle are concluded as fine powder and remaining as scrub.

Determination of fine tablet^[19,20]:

The powders where compressed with different excipients at different ratio to form a fine tablet. Here the formulated batch (F6) produce a fine tablet.

Selection of trails by using comparative study depends upon, the amount of foam produced

Tab-4: Foaming Property of Trial Formulations

Trials	Foam Property
F1	No foam Production
F2	No foam Production
F3	Small amount of foam
F4	Small amount of foam
F5	Good foam
F6	Excellent foam

Fig-2: Foams Formed in Facewash Tablet Formulation

Tab-5: Comparative study of optimized batch at initial and after 6 months of Accelerated Stability study^[21]:

S. No	Parameter	Formulation (F7)
S. No	Parameter	Initial	After 6 months
1	Color	White	White
2	Hardness	4.0	3.9
3	Thickness	4	4
4	Weight variation	248	248
5	Friability	0.53	0.49
6	Foam Property	Excellent Foam	Excellent Foam

The comparative evaluation of formulation was performed and formulated batch(F6) passes all parameters criteria.

CONCLUSION:

The study was carried out with an aim to formulate and evaluate facewash tablet. The main objective to formulate a facewash tablet for a better convenience of the consumers in order to reduce the cost and make it available to common for public. literature review was carried out in a brief manner to know about the product and patent status of the liquorice with its medicinal value and its availability in current scenario. We performed experiment by incorporating tableting technology for facewash which gives excellent convenience of tablet facewash for consumer while travelling and also for the short usage of facewash and reduce the wastage. By concluding all the various comparative studies of the drug and their excipients with evaluation, the formulated batch (F6) gives an excellent foaming effect and produce a fine facewash.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are thankful for DST-FIST for providing the laboratory facility to carry out the research work.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest

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Received on 26.11.2019 Modified on 18.02.2020

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2021; 14(2):838-842.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00148.7

Formula	Color	Wash ability	p^H	Irritability Test	Hardness Test (Kg/cm²)	Friability Test (%)	Thickness (mm)	Weight Variation (mg)
F1	White	Bad	6	No Irritation	3.5	0.73	4	254
F2	White	Good	6	No Irritation	4.1	0.94	4	253
F3	White	Good	6	No Irritation	3.6	0.80	4	249
F4	White	Bad	6	No Irritation	3.9	0.62	4	245
F5	White	Good	6	No Irritation	4.0	0.71	4	252
F6	White	Excellent	6	No Irritation	4.0	0.53	4	248